How to identify acrylic, polyester, spandex, nylon, cotton?
Professional fiber fabric identification method:
①The methods of identification include hand feel, visual inspection, combustion method, microscope method, dissolution method, drug coloring method and infrared spectroscopy. In actual identification, it is often necessary to use multiple methods to obtain results after comprehensive analysis and research.
②The general identification steps are as follows:
A. First, use the combustion method to identify natural fibers and chemical fibers.
B. If it is natural fiber, use microscope observation method to identify various types of plant fiber and animal fiber. If it is a chemical fiber, the difference in melting point, specific gravity, refractive index, and solubility of the combined fiber will be distinguished one by one.
C. When distinguishing blended fibers and blended yarns, a microscope can generally be used to confirm that it contains several fibers, and then use appropriate methods to identify them one by one.
D. For dyed or finished fibers, dyeing stripping or other appropriate pretreatments are generally required to ensure reliable identification results.
For non-professionals, the general methods mainly rely on the feel and burning method:
Acrylic: Good fluffy and furry feeling. It burns near the flame, melts and burns in the flame, and quickly burns and splashes after leaving the flame. The smell is weak and the ash is hard and round, irregular or bead-like.
Polyester: Polyester has good strength, good anti-wrinkle, low price, static electricity, and skin irritation. It melts and drops near the flame, bubbles in the flame, continues to burn, and has a weak fragrance. The ashes are hard round, black or light brown, and can be crushed.
Spandex: Spandex is more complicated, and the difference in composition content is more subtle.
Confirm the ratio of polyester to cotton based on ashes.
Nylon: Polyamide is strong, feels better than polyester, and has a higher price. Most underwear fabrics are nylon. Unpleasant odor, less gray, light brown hard balls.
Cotton: CottonC feels soft, natural fiber, good moisture absorption, comfortable to wear. It burns immediately near the flame, with afterglow after burning, and smells of burning paper, with very little ash, soft, black or dark gray.
The difference between polyester and acrylic
1. They are all synthetic fibers among chemical fibers;
2. High strength and good abrasion resistance; widely used in clothing and industrial applications
3. Poor air permeability, uncomfortable wearing stuffy, easy to generate static electricity.
difference:
1. Different proportions. Polyester 1.38, nylon 1.14
2. Polyester fabric is not easy to wrinkle, and is stiff, good dimensional stability, and good shape retention. Nylon is not good in shape retention, it is not stiff without polyester, and it is easy to deform.
3. The melting point of polyester is 260℃, and the ironing temperature can be 180℃. The heat resistance of nylon is not good enough, the ironing temperature should be controlled below 140℃, and the low temperature resistance is good.
4. Nylon has high strength, good elastic recovery ability, excellent abrasion resistance, moisture absorption and dyeability are better than polyester.
5. Polyester is resistant to sunlight, acid but not alkali. Nylon is alkali-resistant but not acid-resistant, and has poor light resistance. When exposed to sunlight for a long time, the fiber strength will decrease and the color will turn yellow.
6. Nylon weaving has a smoother handle and higher surface gloss. The clothing is mostly used in sportswear, swimwear, fitness clothing, and socks.
7. Polyester fiber is the synthetic fiber with the largest output in the world. Polyester fabrics mainly include knitted shirts, work clothes, warp-knitted decorations, curtains, etc., and imitation silk, imitation wool, imitation linen, cotton and so on are also used a lot. Polyester staple yarn is often blended with cotton, wool, linen, viscose, etc. The fabric not only maintains the characteristics of polyester's firmness, wear resistance, stiffness, and easy storage, but also has the characteristics of natural fiber moisture absorption, warmth, and less static electricity.
